Introduction to Number Theory

Number theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the properties and relationships of numbers, particularly integers. It is a fascinating field that has applications in cryptography, computer science, and more. In this article, we will explore some fundamental concepts of number theory.

Prime Numbers

Prime numbers are natural numbers greater than 1 that have no positive divisors other than 1 and themselves. Examples include 2, 3, 5, and 7. Understanding prime numbers is essential for various mathematical applications.

Number theory is the foundation of modern cryptography.

Greatest Common Divisor

The greatest common divisor (GCD) of two numbers is the largest number that divides both of them without leaving a remainder. For example, the GCD of 8 and 12 is 4. Finding the GCD is useful in simplifying fractions and solving problems.